Table 3 Summary of studies that explored the effects of caffeine on exercise performance at altitude
From: International society of sports nutrition position stand: caffeine and exercise performance
| Author | Participants | Protocol | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|
| Berglund et al. 1982 [370] | Well-trained cross-country skiers (n = 14) |
• 6 mg/kg caffeine • Placebo | *↑ 21 km TT 2900 m above sea level |
| Fulco et al. 1994 [371] | Young adult cyclists (n = 8) |
• 4 mg/kg caffeine • Placebo | *↑ Time to exhaustion at 80% of their altitude-specific VO2max at 4300 m above sea level |
| Stadheim et al. 2015 [211] | Male sub-elite cross-country skiers (n = 13) |
• 4.5 mg/kg caffeine • Placebo | *↑ Double-poling time to task failure at 2000 m above sea level |
| Smirmaul et al. 2017 [372] | Adult male volunteers (n = 7) |
• 4.0 mg/kg caffeine • Placebo | *↑ Time to exhaustion during cycling by 12% |