Table 5 Investigations examining the effects of caffeine mouth rinsing (CMR) on exercise performance
From: International society of sports nutrition position stand: caffeine and exercise performance
| Author | Participants | Protocol | Results |
|---|---|---|---|
| Doering et al. 2014 [69] | Well-trained cyclists (n = 10) |
• 10 s rinse 35 mg caffeine/25 mL X 8 • Placebo rinse |
⬌ plasma caffeine levels ⬌ cycling TT Performance |
| De Pauw et al. 2015 [70] | Healthy males (n = 10) |
• 20 s- 25 mL Rinse 1.2% caffeine • 20 s- 25 mL Rinse 6.4% CHO • Placebo Rinse | *↑ stroop task performance |
| Pomportes et al. 2017 [71] | Physically active males (n = 16) and females (n = 6) |
• 20 s- 25 mL rinse 67 mg caffeine • 20 s- 25 mL rinse 7.0% CHO • 20 s- 25 mL rinse 0.4 g guarana • Placebo rinse |
⬌ variability or production durations ⬌ errors made |
| Beaven et al. 2013 [72] | Recreationally active males (n = 12) |
• 5 s- 25 mL rinse 1.2% caffeine • 5 s- 25 mL rinse 6% CHO • Placebo rinse |
*↑ mean power in first sprint for caffeine and CHO rinses NS ↑ maximal power in first two sprints |
| Beaven et al. 2013 [72] | Recreationally active males (n = 12) |
• 5 s- 25 mL rinse 1.2% caffeine • 5 s- 25 mL rinse 6.0% CHO • 5 s- 25 mL rinse 1.2% caffeine + 6.0% CHO |
*↑ peak power in first sprint *↑ mean power in fifth sprint |
| Kizzi et al. 2016 [73] | Glycogen depleted, recreationally active males (n = 8) |
• 10 s- 25 mL rinse 2.0% caffeine • Placebo rinse | ⬌ mean and peak power in 4th and 5th sprint |
| Sinclair and Bottoms 2014 [74] | Healthy males (n = 12) |
• 5 s- 25 mL rinse 0.032% caffeine • 5 s- 25 mL rinse 6.4% CHO • Placebo rinse | *↑ arm crank TT performance |
| Bottoms et al. 2014 [74] | Healthy males (n = 12) |
• 5 s- 125 mL rinse w/ 32 mg of caffeine • 5 s – 6.4% CHO solution • Placebo rinse |
*↑ distance cycled during the caffeine mouth rinse trial (16.2 ± 2.8 km) was significantly greater compared to placebo trial (14.9 ± 2.6 km). There was no difference between CHO and caffeine trials |
| Pataky et al. 2016 [75] | Recreationally trained male (n = 25) and female (n = 13) cyclists |
• Placebo rinse + 6 mg/kg caffeine capsule • 25 mL rinse 300 mg caffeine + placebo capsule • 25 mL rinse 300 mg caffeine + 6 mg/kg caffeine capsule | *↑ 3 km cycling TT performance |
| Lesniak et al. 2016 [76] | Recreationally active females (n = 7) |
• 5 s- 25 mL rinse 1.2% caffeine • 5 s- 25 mL rinse 6.0% CHO • 5 s- 25 mL rinse 1.2% caffeine + 6% CHO | ⬌ cycling TT performance |
| Dolan et al. 2017 [77] | College lacrosse players (n = 10) |
• 5 s- 25 mL Rinse 1.2% caffeine • 5 s- 25 mL Rinse 6.0% CHO • 5 s- 25 mL Rinse 1.2% caffeine + 6.0% CHO • Placebo rinse • No rinse | ⬌ intermittent sport performance |
| Clarke et al. 2015 [78] | Recreationally resistance-trained males (n = 15) |
• 5 s- 25 mL rinse 1.2% caffeine • 5 s- 25 mL rinse 6.0% CHO • 5 s- 25 mL rinse 1.2% caffeine + 6.0% CHO • Placebo rinse | ⬌ total weight lifted |