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Group
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Pre- Supplementation
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Post-Supplementation
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Dietary Intake
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Calories (kcals)
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Creatine Monohydrate Group (n = 12)
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1875.7 ± 656.2
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1706.4 ± 581.5
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Phosphocreatine Disodium Salts Plus Blueberry Extract Group (n = 11)
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1704.8 ± 464.8
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1781.7 ± 312.7
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Placebo Group (n = 10)
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1734.5 ± 377.3
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1463.8 ± 223.4
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Carbohydrates (g)
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Creatine Monohydrate Group
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173.4 ± 73.5
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173.4 ± 70.4
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Phosphocreatine Disodium Salts Plus Blueberry Extract Group
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154.5 ± 67.0
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161.3 ± 42.0
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Placebo Group
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187.1 ± 61.4
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150.1 ± 36.7
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Fats (g)
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Creatine Monohydrate Group
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73.6 ± 30.3
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66.7 ± 25.2
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Phosphocreatine Disodium Salts Plus Blueberry Extract Group
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59.8 ± 23.0
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66.0 ± 24.3
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Placebo Group
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64.6 ± 16.5
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58.1 ± 18.4
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Protein (g)
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Creatine Monohydrate Group
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100.5 ± 52.1
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94.6 ± 35.3
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Phosphocreatine Disodium Salts Plus Blueberry Extract Group
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100.0 ± 473.7
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107.7 ± 33.1
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Placebo Group
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99.4 ± 24.5
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87.6 ± 23.2
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Exercise Participation
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Aerobic Training (hours/week)
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Creatine Monohydrate Group
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2.2 ± 2.3
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1.7 ± 2.3
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Phosphocreatine Disodium Salts Plus Blueberry Extract Group
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0.9 ± 1.6
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1.0 ± 1.5
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Placebo Group
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2.5 ± 2.2
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2.7 ± 3.0
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Resistance Training (hours/week)
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Creatine Monohydrate Group
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2.0 ± 1.6
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3.4 ± 2.6
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Phosphocreatine Disodium Salts Plus Blueberry Extract Group
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3.2 ± 2.3
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3.2 ± 2.1
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Placebo Group
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2.4 ± 1.7
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2.0 ± 1.6
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Total Exercise (hours/week)
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Creatine Monohydrate Group
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4.2 ± 3.0
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5.0 ± 3.4
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Phosphocreatine Disodium Salts Plus Blueberry Extract Group
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4.2 ± 1.6
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4.2 ± 1.7
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Placebo Group
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4.9 ± 2.3
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4.6 ± 3.2
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- Note: Note: Analyses for the dietary intake demonstrated no significant interactions (p = 0.160–0.400, η2p = 0.59–0.115) or main effects for Time (p = 0.108–0.0.604, η2p = 0.009–0.084) or Group (p = 0.537–0.7889, η2p = 0.016–0.038) for total calories, carbohydrate, fat, or protein intake before and after the 28-day supplementation. Analyses for exercise participation also demonstrated no significant interactions (p = 0.116–0.395, η2p = 0.60–0.134) or main effects for Time (p = 0.435–0.676, η2p = 0.006–0.020) or Group (p = 0.248–0.856, η2p = 0.010–0.089) for aerobic and resistance training, or total exercise time
